Abstract

Research Article

Associations of arterial stiffness with left ventricular mass index and carotid intima-media thickness in the hypertensives

Hoang P Le* and Binh G Nguyen

Published: 05 May, 2022 | Volume 7 - Issue 2 | Pages: 040-045

Background: Arterial stiffness has been considered an independent predictor of cardiovascular disease in addition to the traditionally known cardiovascular risk factors. 
Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the associations between arterial stiffness with left ventricular mass index and carotid intima-media thickness in the hypertensives. 
Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study compared a control group in 210 study subjects (105 hypertensives and 105 normotensives). Measuring left ventricular mass index by echocardiography and carotid intima-media thickness by carotid doppler ultrasonography. Pulse wave velocity was measured using the Agedio B900 device and the Agedio K520 application. The manual method was measured by the ankle-brachial index.
Results: There was a statistically significant positive correlation between pulse wave velocity and age (r = 0.922, p < 0.001). The ankle-brachial index had a statistically significant positive correlation at a weak level with left ventricular mass index and carotid intima-media thickness, in which the coefficient r was equal to 0.219 (p < 0.05) and 0.250 (p < 0,001), respectively. Pulse wave velocity also had a statistically significant positive correlation at a weak level with left ventricular mass index and carotid intima-media thickness, in which the coefficient r was equal to 0.188 (p < 0.05) and 0.289 (p < 0,001), respectively. Pulse wave velocity had a multivariable linear correlation with gender, pulse, mean blood pressure, and ankle-brachial index with statistical significance; and they were written in the form of the following equation: Pulse wave velocity (R2: 41.3%) = 0.641*(Gender) – 0.027*(Pulse) + 0.043*(Mean blood pressure) + 8.378*(Ankle-brachial index) – 3.254.
Conclusion: Arterial stiffness was statistically correlated with left ventricular mass index and carotid intima-media thickness in the hypertensives. Through the above research results, we suggest that the hypertensives should be combined with the evaluation of hemodynamic parameters and arterial stiffness for contributing to the diagnosis and detection of cardiovascular complications, thereby improving the quality of monitoring and treatment in hypertensive patients.

Read Full Article HTML DOI: 10.29328/journal.jccm.1001131 Cite this Article Read Full Article PDF

Keywords:

Arterial stiffness; Pulse wave velocity; Ankle-brachial index; Left ventricular mass index; Carotid intima-media thickness

References

  1. Beaney T, Schutte AE, Stergiou GS, Borghi C, Burger D, Charchar F, Cro S, Diaz A, Damasceno A, Espeche W, Jose AP, Khan N, Kokubo Y, Maheshwari A, Marin MJ, More A, Neupane D, Nilsson P, Patil M, Prabhakaran D, Ramirez A, Rodriguez P, Schlaich M, Steckelings UM, Tomaszewski M, Unger T, Wainford R, Wang J, Williams B, Poulter NR; MMM Investigators*. May Measurement Month 2019: The Global Blood Pressure Screening Campaign of the International Society of Hypertension. Hypertension. 2020 Aug;76(2):333-341. doi: 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.120.14874. Epub 2020 May 18. PMID: 32419505.
  2. Benjamin EJ, Blaha MJ, Chiuve SE, Cushman M, Das SR, Deo R, de Ferranti SD, Floyd J, Fornage M, Gillespie C, Isasi CR, Jiménez MC, Jordan LC, Judd SE, Lackland D, Lichtman JH, Lisabeth L, Liu S, Longenecker CT, Mackey RH, Matsushita K, Mozaffarian D, Mussolino ME, Nasir K, Neumar RW, Palaniappan L, Pandey DK, Thiagarajan RR, Reeves MJ, Ritchey M, Rodriguez CJ, Roth GA, Rosamond WD, Sasson C, Towfighi A, Tsao CW, Turner MB, Virani SS, Voeks JH, Willey JZ, Wilkins JT, Wu JH, Alger HM, Wong SS, Muntner P; American Heart Association Statistics Committee and Stroke Statistics Subcommittee. Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics-2017 Update: A Report From the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2017 Mar 7;135(10):e146-e603. doi: 10.1161/CIR.0000000000000485. Epub 2017 Jan 25. Erratum in: Circulation. 2017 Mar 7;135(10 ):e646. Erratum in: Circulation. 2017 Sep 5;136(10 ):e196. PMID: 28122885; PMCID: PMC5408160.
  3. Shanthi M. Global status report on noncommunicable diseases. World Health Organization. 2014; 67-9.
  4. Kjeldsen SE. Hypertension and cardiovascular risk: General aspects. Pharmacol Res. 2018;129:95-9.
  5. Unger T, Borghi C, Charchar F, Khan NA, Poulter NR, Prabhakaran D, Ramirez A, Schlaich M, Stergiou GS, Tomaszewski M, Wainford RD, Williams B, Schutte AE. 2020 International Society of Hypertension Global Hypertension Practice Guidelines. Hypertension. 2020 Jun;75(6):1334-1357. doi: 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.120.15026. Epub 2020 May 6. PMID: 32370572.
  6. Williams B, Mancia G, Spiering W, Agabiti Rosei E, Azizi M, Burnier M, Clement DL, Coca A, de Simone G, Dominiczak A, Kahan T, Mahfoud F, Redon J, Ruilope L, Zanchetti A, Kerins M, Kjeldsen SE, Kreutz R, Laurent S, Lip GYH, McManus R, Narkiewicz K, Ruschitzka F, Schmieder RE, Shlyakhto E, Tsioufis C, Aboyans V, Desormais I; ESC Scientific Document Group. 2018 ESC/ESH Guidelines for the management of arterial hypertension. Eur Heart J. 2018 Sep 1;39(33):3021-3104. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehy339. Erratum in: Eur Heart J. 2019 Feb 1;40(5):475. PMID: 30165516.
  7. Bruno RM, Cartoni G, Stea F, Armenia S, Bianchini E, Buralli S, Giannarelli C, Taddei S, Ghiadoni L. Carotid and aortic stiffness in essential hypertension and their relation with target organ damage: the CATOD study. J Hypertens. 2017 Feb;35(2):310-318. doi: 10.1097/HJH.0000000000001167. PMID: 27841779; PMCID: PMC5486968.
  8. Goff DC Jr, Lloyd-Jones DM, Bennett G, Coady S, D'Agostino RB, Gibbons R, Greenland P, Lackland DT, Levy D, O'Donnell CJ, Robinson JG, Schwartz JS, Shero ST, Smith SC Jr, Sorlie P, Stone NJ, Wilson PW, Jordan HS, Nevo L, Wnek J, Anderson JL, Halperin JL, Albert NM, Bozkurt B, Brindis RG, Curtis LH, DeMets D, Hochman JS, Kovacs RJ, Ohman EM, Pressler SJ, Sellke FW, Shen WK, Smith SC Jr, Tomaselli GF; American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines. 2013 ACC/AHA guideline on the assessment of cardiovascular risk: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines. Circulation. 2014 Jun 24;129(25 Suppl 2):S49-73. doi: 10.1161/01.cir.0000437741.48606.98. Epub 2013 Nov 12. Erratum in: Circulation. 2014 Jun 24;129(25 Suppl 2):S74-5. PMID: 24222018.
  9. Vasan RS, Short MI, Niiranen TJ, Xanthakis V, DeCarli C, Cheng S, Seshadri S, Mitchell GF. Interrelations Between Arterial Stiffness, Target Organ Damage, and Cardiovascular Disease Outcomes. J Am Heart Assoc. 2019 Jul 16;8(14):e012141. doi: 10.1161/JAHA.119.012141. Epub 2019 Jul 13. PMID: 31303106; PMCID: PMC6662123.
  10. Lang RM, Badano LP, Mor-Avi V, Afilalo J, Armstrong A, Ernande L, Flachskampf FA, Foster E, Goldstein SA, Kuznetsova T, Lancellotti P, Muraru D, Picard MH, Rietzschel ER, Rudski L, Spencer KT, Tsang W, Voigt JU. Recommendations for cardiac chamber quantification by echocardiography in adults: an update from the American Society of Echocardiography and the European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging. J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 2015 Jan;28(1):1-39.e14. doi: 10.1016/j.echo.2014.10.003. PMID: 25559473.
  11. Mancia G, Fagard R, Narkiewicz K, Redón J, Zanchetti A, Böhm M, Christiaens T, Cifkova R, De Backer G, Dominiczak A, Galderisi M, Grobbee DE, Jaarsma T, Kirchhof P, Kjeldsen SE, Laurent S, Manolis AJ, Nilsson PM, Ruilope LM, Schmieder RE, Sirnes PA, Sleight P, Viigimaa M, Waeber B, Zannad F; Task Force Members. 2013 ESH/ESC Guidelines for the management of arterial hypertension: the Task Force for the management of arterial hypertension of the European Society of Hypertension (ESH) and of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). J Hypertens. 2013 Jul;31(7):1281-357. doi: 10.1097/01.hjh.0000431740.32696.cc. PMID: 23817082.
  12. Gerhard-Herman MD, Gornik HL, Barrett C, Barshes NR, Corriere MA, Drachman DE, Fleisher LA, Fowkes FGR, Hamburg NM, Kinlay S, Lookstein R, Misra S, Mureebe L, Olin JW, Patel RAG, Regensteiner JG, Schanzer A, Shishehbor MH, Stewart KJ, Treat-Jacobson D, Walsh ME. 2016 AHA/ACC Guideline on the Management of Patients With Lower Extremity Peripheral Artery Disease: Executive Summary: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2017 Mar 21;69(11):1465-1508. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2016.11.008. Epub 2016 Nov 13. Erratum in: J Am Coll Cardiol. 2017 Mar 21;69(11):1520. PMID: 27851991.
  13. Nichols WW, O’Rourke M. McDonald’s Blood Flow in Arteries; Theoretical, Experimental and Clinical Principles. Sixth ed. 2011;755.
  14. Del Giorno R, Troiani C, Gabutti S, Stefanelli K, Gabutti L. Comparing oscillometric and tonometric methods to assess pulse wave velocity: a population-based study. Ann Med. 2021 Dec;53(1):1-16. doi: 10.1080/07853890.2020.1794538. Epub 2020 Aug 13. PMID: 32729734; PMCID: PMC7877928.
  15. Tian Jea. Brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity is associated with carotid intima-media thickness in middle-aged and elderly. Int J Clin Exper Med. 2017;10:9364-9.
  16. Kim HL, Lim WH, Seo JB, Chung WY, Kim SH, Kim MA, Zo JH. Association between arterial stiffness and left ventricular diastolic function in relation to gender and age. Medicine (Baltimore). 2017 Jan;96(1):e5783. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000005783. PMID: 28072727; PMCID: PMC5228687.
  17. Papaioannou TG, Protogerou AD, Argyris A, Aissopou E, Georgiopoulos G, Nasothimiou E, Tountas C, Sfikakis PP, Stergiopulos N, Tousoulis D. Total arterial compliance, estimated by a novel method, is better related to left ventricular mass compared to aortic pulse wave velocity: The SAFAR study. Clin Exp Hypertens. 2017;39(3):271-276. doi: 10.1080/10641963.2016.1247165. PMID: 28448191.
  18. Yu S, Lu Y, Xiong J, Teliewubai J, Chi C, Ji H, Zhou Y, Fan X, Zhang J, Blacher J, Li J, Zhang Y, Xu Y. Comparison of ankle-brachial index and upstroke time in association with target organ damage: the Northern Shanghai Study. J Am Soc Hypertens. 2018 Oct;12(10):703-713. doi: 10.1016/j.jash.2018.06.014. Epub 2018 Jun 30. PMID: 30056134.
  19. Paiva AMG, Mota-Gomes MA, Brandão AA, Silveira FS, Silveira MS, Okawa RTP, Feitosa ADM, Sposito AC, Nadruz W Jr. Reference values of office central blood pressure, pulse wave velocity, and augmentation index recorded by means of the Mobil-O-Graph PWA monitor. Hypertens Res. 2020 Nov;43(11):1239-1248. doi: 10.1038/s41440-020-0490-5. Epub 2020 Jun 12. PMID: 32533101.

Figures:

Figure 1

Figure 1

Similar Articles

Recently Viewed

Read More

Most Viewed

Read More

Help ?