Use of Rivaroxaban and Apixaban, Two Non-Vitamin K Antagonist Oral Anticoagulants (NOACs), in Renally Impaired Patients - the limits of our knowledge
Main Article Content
Article Details
Copyright (c) 2018 Moore KT, et al.

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Lutz J, Jurk K, Schinzel H. Direct oral anticoagulants in patients with chronic kidney disease: patient selection and special considerations. Int J Nephrol Renovasc Dis. 2017; 10: 135-143. Ref.: https://goo.gl/MBu8sA
Xarelto [package insert]. Raritan, NJ. Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies. 2011 (revised October 2017).
Eliquis [package insert]. Princeton, NJ: Bristol-Myers Squibb Company. 2012 (revised February 2018).
Patel MR, Mahaffey KW, Garg J, Pan G, Singer DE, et al. Rivaroxaban versus warfarin in nonvalvular atrial fibrillation. N Engl J Med. 2011; 365: 883-891. Ref.: https://goo.gl/JZux9g
Granger CB, Alexander JH, McMurray JJ, Lopes RD, Hylek EM, et al. Apixaban versus warfarin in patients with atrial fibrillation. N Engl J Med. 2011; 365: 981-992. Ref.: https://goo.gl/vuXaQr
Connolly SJ, Ezekowitz MD, Yusuf S, Eikelboom J, Oldgren J, et al. Dabigatran versus Warfarin in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation. N Engl J Med. 2009; 361: 1139-1151. Ref.: https://goo.gl/fs8ha2
Giugliano RP, Ruff CT, Braunwald E, Murphy SA, Wiviott SD, et al. Edoxaban versus Warfarin in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation. N Engl J Med. 2013; 369: 2093-2104. Ref.: https://goo.gl/XXRm3h
Kubitza D, Becka M, Mueck W, Halabi A, Maatouk H, et al. Effects of renal impairment on the pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and safety of rivaroxaban, an oral, direct factor Xa inhibitor. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2010; 70: 703-712. Ref.: https://goo.gl/uENJM7
Chang M, Yu Z, Shenker A, Wang J, Pursley J, et al. Effect of renal impairment on the pharmacokinetics pharmacodynamics, and safety of apixaban. J Clin Pharmacol. 2010; 56: 637-645. Ref.: https://goo.gl/Ukqwgs
Dias C, Moore KT, Murphy J, Ariyawansa J, Smith W, et al. Pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and safety of single-dose rivaroxaban in chronic hemodialysis. Am J Nephrol. 2016; 43: 229-236. Ref.: https://goo.gl/2kb1sU
Wang X, Tirucherai G, Marbury TC, Wang J, Chang M, et al. Pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and safety of apixaban in subjects with end-stage renal disease on hemodialysis. J Clin Pharmacol. 2016; 56: 628-636. Ref.: https://goo.gl/3Jrgm4