Abstract

Research Article

Only low intensity of aerobic exercise improves respiratory compliance in pulmonary hypertensive rats

Katya Rigatto*, Denielli Da SG Bós, Renata Fernandes, Rodrigo B Jaenisch and Pedro Dal Lago

Published: 20 November, 2019 | Volume 4 - Issue 3 | Pages: 205-209

Objective: To investigate in an animal model of Pulmonary Hypertension (PH) by monocrotaline whether a lower exercise intensity, which has lower potential to provoke dyspnea symptoms, could prevent the increase the right ventricle pressure and the decrease in respiratory compliance.

Setting: A research laboratory. ANIMALS: twenty-one Wistar rats were randomized to the groups: Control (CO; saline solution); PH-sedentary; PH-low and PH-moderate intensity of exercise training (ET).

Interventions: They received a single saline or monocrotaline subcutaneous injection (50 mg/kg). The exercise program was performed during 3-weeks.

Main Outcome Measures: Rats were evaluated by their morphometric and hemodynamic changes and by the respiratory mechanic responses induced by the exercise protocols.

Results: Both protocols of ET significantly (p < 0.05) attenuated the increase in the right ventricular systolic pressure. However, the lower intensity was more effective to prevent the impairment in the respiratory and quasi-static compliance.

Conclusion: Collectively, our results showed for the first time the benefits of ET to the respiratory system mechanics. We also demonstrated that intensity is crucial in PH, probably due to the difficulty to match VO2 capacity and O2 demand during exercise. The improvement in quasi-static compliance not only might improve the ability to breathe, and capture oxygen, but also welfare.

Read Full Article HTML DOI: 10.29328/journal.jccm.1001069 Cite this Article Read Full Article PDF

Keywords:

Phypertension; Monocrotaline; Exercise; Respiratory mechanics; Sympathovagal balance

References

  1. McLaughlin VV, Archer SL, Badesch DB, Barst RJ, Farber HW, et al. ACCF/AHA 2009 Expert Consensus Document on Pulmonary Hypertension. A Report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation Task Force on Expert Consensus Documents and the American Heart Association. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2009; 53: 1573–1619. PubMed: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19389575
  2. Thenappan T, Ormiston ML, Ryan JJ, Archer SL. Pulmonary arterial hypertension: Pathogenesis and clinical management. BMJ (Online). 2018. 360: j5492. PubMed: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29540357
  3. Dumitrescu D, Sitbon O, Weatherald J, Howard LS. Exertional dyspnoea in pulmonary arterial hypertension. Eur Respir Rev. 2017. 26: 170039. PubMed: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28877974
  4. Buys R, Avila A, Cornelissen VA. Exercise training improves physical fitness in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension: A systematic review and meta-analysis of controlled trials. BMC Pulm Med. 2015. 15: 40. PubMed: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25896259
  5. Bolton CE, Blakey JD, Morgan MD. The British Thoracic Society guideline on pulmonary rehabilitation in adults: Your opinion is noted. Thorax. 2014; 69: 388-389. PubMed: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24430178
  6. McGregor G, Powell R, Finnegan S, Nichols S, Underwood M. Exercise rehabilitation programmes for pulmonary hypertension: A systematic review of intervention components and reporting quality. BMJ Open Sport and Exercise Medicine. 2018; 4: e000400. PubMed: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30364456
  7. Brooks G. Respiratory Physiology-The Essentials. Cardiopulm. Phys Ther J. 2018.
  8. Allen G, Bates JH. Dynamic mechanical consequences of deep inflation in mice depend on type and degree of lung injury. J Appl Physiol. 2004; 96: 293–300. PubMed: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12949024
  9. Sanz J, Kariisa M, Dellegrottaglie S, Prat-González S, Garcia MJ, et al. Evaluation of Pulmonary Artery Stiffness in Pulmonary Hypertension With Cardiac Magnetic Resonance. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging. 2009; 2: 286-295. PubMed: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19356573
  10. Mereles D, Ehlken N, Kreuscher S, Ghofrani S, Hoeper MM, et al. Exercise and respiratory training improve exercise capacity and quality of life in patients with severe chronic pulmonary hypertension. Circulation. 2006; 114: 1482-1489. PubMed: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16982941
  11. Grünig E, Ehlken N, Ghofrani A, Staehler G, Meyer FJ, et al. Effect of exercise and respiratory training on clinical progression and survival in patients with severe chronic pulmonary hypertension. Respiration. 2011; 81: 394–401. PubMed: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21311162
  12. Brown MB, Neves E, Long G, Graber J, Gladish B, et al. High-intensity interval training, but not continuous training, reverses right ventricular hypertrophy and dysfunction in a rat model of pulmonary hypertension. Am J Physiol. Regul Integr Comp Physiol. 2017; 312: R197–R210. PubMed: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27784688
  13. Enache I, Favret F, Doutreleau S, Goette Di Marco P, Charles AL, et al. Downhill exercise training in monocrotaline-injected rats: Effects on echocardiographic and haemodynamic variables and survival. Arch Cardiovasc Dis. 2017; 110: 106–115. PubMed: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28117249
  14. Handoko ML, de Man FS, Happé CM, Schalij I, Musters RJ, et al. Opposite effects of training in rats with stable and progressive pulmonary hypertension. Circulation. 2009; 120: 42–49. PubMed: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19546388
  15. Ehlken N, Lichtblau M, Klose H, Weidenhammer J, Fischer C, et al. Exercise training improves peak oxygen consumption and haemodynamics in patients with severe pulmonary arterial hypertension and inoperable chronic thrombo-embolic pulmonary hypertension: A prospective, randomized, controlled trial. Eur Heart J. 2016; 37: 35-44. PubMed: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26231884
  16. Fox BD, Kassirer M, Weiss I, Raviv Y, Peled N, et al. Ambulatory rehabilitation improves exercise capacity in patients with pulmonary hypertension. J Card Fail. 2011; 17: 196-200. PubMed: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21362526
  17. National Research Council. NRC and National Research Council. Guidance for the Description of Animal Research in Scientific Publications. 2011. PubMed: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK84205/
  18. Pilis W, Zarzeczny R, Langfort J, Kaciuba-Uściłko H, Nazar K, et al. Anaerobic threshold in rats. Comp Biochem Physiol Comp Physiol. 1993; 106: 285–289. PubMed: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7902799
  19. Shepherd RE, Gollnick PD. Oxygen uptake of rats at different work intensities. Pflügers Arch. 1976; 362: 219–222. PubMed: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/944429
  20. Jaenisch RB, Hentschke VS, Quagliotto E, Cavinato PR, Schmeing LA, et al. Respiratory muscle training improves hemodynamics, autonomic function, baroreceptor sensitivity, and respiratory mechanics in rats with heart failure. J Appl Physiol. 2011; 111: 1664–1670. PubMed: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21903877
  21. Sanz J, Kariisa M, Dellegrottaglie S, Prat-González S, Garcia MJ, et al. Evaluation of Pulmonary Artery Stiffness in Pulmonary Hypertension With Cardiac Magnetic Resonance. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging. 2009; 2: 286-295. PubMed: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19356573
  22. Galiè N, Hoeper MM, Humbert M, Torbicki A, Vachiery JL, et al. Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary hypertension. Eur Respir J. 2009; 34: 1219–1263. PubMed: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19749199
  23. Prior BM, Yang HT, Terjung RL. What makes vessels grow with exercise training? J Appl Physiol. 2004; 97: 1119–1128. PubMed: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15333630
  24. Reis Gonçalves CT, Reis Gonçalves CG, de Almeida FM, Lopes FD, dos Santos Durão AC, et al. Protective effects of aerobic exercise on acute lung injury induced by LPS in mice. Crit Care. 2012; 16: R199. PubMed: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23078757
  25. Allen G, Bates JHT. Dynamic mechanical consequences of deep inflation in mice depend on type and degree of lung injury. J Appl Physiol. 2004; 96: 293-300. PubMed: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12949024

Figures:

Figure 1

Figure 1

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 1

Figure 3

Similar Articles

Recently Viewed

  • Difference between conventional and modern methods for examination of fingerprints
    Ambati Ramesh Babu* Ambati Ramesh Babu*. Difference between conventional and modern methods for examination of fingerprints. J Forensic Sci Res. 2021: doi: 10.29328/journal.jfsr.1001025; 5: 037-040
  • Characterization and virulence determination of Colletotrichum kahawae isolates from Gidami, Western Ethiopia
    Zenebe W*, Daniel T and Weyessa G Zenebe W*,Daniel T,Weyessa G. Characterization and virulence determination of Colletotrichum kahawae isolates from Gidami, Western Ethiopia. J Plant Sci Phytopathol. 2021: doi: 10.29328/journal.jpsp.1001054; 5: 004-013
  • Statistical Mathematical Analysis of COVID-19 at World Level
    Marín-Machuca Olegario*, Carlos Enrique Chinchay-Barragán, Moro-Pisco José Francisco, Vargas-Ayala Jessica Blanca, Machuca-Mines José Ambrosio, María del Pilar Rojas-Rueda and Zambrano-Cabanillas Abel Walter Marín-Machuca Olegario*, Carlos Enrique Chinchay-Barragán, Moro-Pisco José Francisco, Vargas-Ayala Jessica Blanca, Machuca-Mines José Ambrosio, María del Pilar Rojas-Rueda, Zambrano-Cabanillas Abel Walter. Statistical Mathematical Analysis of COVID-19 at World Level. Int J Phys Res Appl. 2024: doi: 10.29328/journal.ijpra.1001082; 7: 040-047
  • Rida Herbal Bitters Improve Cardiovascular Function in High-fat Diet/Streptozotocin-induced Diabetic Rats
    Folasade Omobolanle Ajao*, Damilola Ayodeji Balogun, Marcus Olaoy Iyedupe, Ayobami Olagunju, Esther Oparinde, Luqman Adeniji and Victor Abulude and Funmilayo Elizabeth Olaleye Folasade Omobolanle Ajao*, Damilola Ayodeji Balogun, Marcus Olaoy Iyedupe, Ayobami Olagunju, Esther Oparinde, Luqman Adeniji, Victor Abulude and Funmilayo Elizabeth Olaleye. Rida Herbal Bitters Improve Cardiovascular Function in High-fat Diet/Streptozotocin-induced Diabetic Rats. J Cardiol Cardiovasc Med. 2024: doi: 10.29328/journal.jccm.1001177; 9: 044-051
  • Antibacterial Screening of Lippia origanoides Essential Oil on Gram-negative Bacteria
    Rodrigo Marcelino Zacarias de Andrade, Bernardina de Paixão Santos, Roberson Matteus Fernandes Silva, Mateus Gonçalves Silva*, Igor de Sousa Oliveira, Sávio Benvindo Ferreira and Rafaelle Cavalcante Lira Rodrigo Marcelino Zacarias de Andrade, Bernardina de Paixão Santos, Roberson Matteus Fernandes Silva, Mateus Gonçalves Silva*, Igor de Sousa Oliveira, Sávio Benvindo Ferreira, Rafaelle Cavalcante Lira. Antibacterial Screening of Lippia origanoides Essential Oil on Gram-negative Bacteria. Arch Pharm Pharma Sci. 2024: doi: 10.29328/journal.apps.1001053; 8: 024-028.

Read More

Most Viewed

Read More

Help ?